Turul Guarding the Hapsburg Steps Royal Palace in Budapest
The new definitive stamps of Hungary, produced between 1900 and 1916, are called the Turul and Saint Stephens Crown issue. This issue has always been popular with worldwide collectors, as well as Hungarian stamp specialists. There are seven major groups of these stamps, with most of them being relatively inexpensive, which makes this a great specialty series, even for the budget-minded stamp collector.
Four different paper watermarks were used during this period. They are illustrated in the column at the right.
The twenty-six Turul and Crown of St. Stephen type definitive Hungarian stamps shown above were issued between 1900 and 1916. They are all typographed. The denomination numerals are printed in black on each of the stamps.
In order to obtain the best example possible for each of the denominations, the stamps shown in the images above have mixed perforation gauges. They are all in order, by watermark, issue date, and perforation measurement, in the following tables.
The design of the Filler denominations features a majestic Turul flying above the Crown of Saint Stephen. An enlargement is shown in column three.
The design of the Korona denominations features a right-facing portrait of Franz Josef I, the Emperor of Austria and the King of Hungary. An enlargement is shown in column three.
The catalog attributes for stamps of Hungary that are printed on paper with WMK 135 (Circle), and that are perforated 12 x 11 1/2 are as follows:
01 F. (1900 - Sc. #47) - Gray, Dull Lilac.
02 F. (1900 - Sc. #48) - Olive Yellow.
03 F. (1900 - Sc. #49) - Orange.
04 F. (1900 - Sc. #50) - Violet.
05 F. (1900 - Sc. #51) - Emerald.
06 F. (1900 - Sc. #52) - Claret, Violet Brown.
06 F. (1901 - Sc. #53) - Bister.
06 F. (1902 - Sc. #54) - Olive Green.
10 F. (1900 - Sc. #55) - Carmine.
12 F. (1904 - Sc. #56) - Violet.
20 F. (1901 - Sc. #57) - Brown.
25 F. (1900 - Sc. #58) - Blue.
30 F. (1900 - Sc. #59) - Orange Brown.
35 F. (1901 - Sc. #60) - Red Violet.
50 F. (1900 - Sc. #61) - Lake.
60 F. (1900 - Sc. #62) - Green.
01 K. (1900 - Sc. #63) - Brown Red.
02 K. (1901 - Sc. #64) - Gray Blue.
03 K. (1900 - Sc. #65) - Sea Green.
05 K. (1901 - Sc. #66) - Violet Brown.
The catalog attributes for stamps of Hungary that are printed on paper with WMK 135 (Circle), and that are perforated 11 1/2 are as follows:
01 F. (1900 - Sc. #47b) - Gray, Dull Lilac.
02 F. (1900 - Sc. #48a) - Olive Yellow.
03 F. (1900 - Sc. #49a) - Orange.
04 F. (1900 - Sc. #50b) - Violet.
05 F. (1900 - Sc. #51b) - Emerald.
06 F. (1900 - Sc. #52b) - Claret, Violet Brown.
06 F. (1901 - Sc. #53a) - Bister.
06 F. (1902 - Sc. #54a) - Olive Green.
10 F. (1900 - Sc. #55b) - Carmine.
12 F. (1904 - Sc. #56a) - Violet.
20 F. (1901 - Sc. #57a) - Brown.
25 F. (1900 - Sc. #58b) - Blue.
30 F. (1900 - Sc. #59a) - Orange Brown.
35 F. (1901 - Sc. #60b) - Red Violet.
50 F. (1900 - Sc. #61a) - Lake.
60 F. (1900 - Sc. #62a) - Green.
01 K. (1900 - Sc. #63a) - Brown Red.
02 K. (1901 - Sc. #64a) - Gray Blue.
03 K. (1900 - Sc. #65a) - Sea Green.
05 K. (1901 - Sc. #66a) - Violet Brown.
The catalog attributes for stamps of Hungary that are printed on paper with WMK 136, and that are perforated 15 are as follows:
01 F. (1908 - Sc. #67) - Slate.
02 F. (1908 - Sc. #68) - Olive Yellow.
03 F. (1908 - Sc. #69) - Orange.
05 F. (1908 - Sc. #70) - Emerald.
06 F. (1908 - Sc. #71) - Olive Green.
10 F. (1908 - Sc. #72) - Carmine.
12 F. (1908 - Sc. #73) - Violet.
16 F. (1913 - Sc. #74) - Gray Green.
20 F. (1908 - Sc. #75) - Dark Brown.
25 F. (1908 - Sc. #76) - Blue.
30 F. (1908 - Sc. #77) - Orange Brown.
35 F. (1908 - Sc. #78) - Red Violet.
50 F. (1908 - Sc. #79) - Lake.
60 F. (1908 - Sc. #80) - Green.
01 K. (1908 - Sc. #81) - Brown Red.
02 K. (1908 - Sc. #82) - Gray Blue.
05 K. (1908 - Sc. #83) - Violet Brown.
The catalog attributes for stamps of Hungary that are printed on paper with WMK 136a, and that are perforated 12 x 11 1/2 are as follows:
01 F. (1904 - Sc. #67a) - Slate.
02 F. (1904 - Sc. #68a) - Olive Yellow.
03 F. (1904 - Sc. #69a) - Orange.
05 F. (1904 - Sc. #70a) - Emerald.
06 F. (1904 - Sc. #71a) - Olive Green.
10 F. (1904 - Sc. #72a) - Carmine.
12 F. (1904 - Sc. #73a) - Violet.
16 F. (1904 - Sc. #74a) - Gray Green.
20 F. (1904 - Sc. #75a) - Dark Brown.
25 F. (1904 - Sc. #76a) - Blue.
30 F. (1904 - Sc. #77a) - Orange Brown.
35 F. (1904 - Sc. #78a) - Red Violet.
50 F. (1904 - Sc. #79a) - Lake, Magenta.
60 F. (1904 - Sc. #80a) - Green.
01 K. (1904 - Sc. #81a) - Brown Red.
02 K. (1904 - Sc. #82a) - Gray Blue.
05 K. (1904 - Sc. #83a) - Violet Brown.
The catalog attributes for stamps of Hungary that are printed on paper with WMK 136a, and that are perforated 11 1/2 are as follows:
02 K. (1904 - Sc. #82c) - Gray Blue.
The catalog attributes for stamps of Hungary that are printed on paper with WMK 136a, and that are perforated 15 are as follows:
01 F. (1906 - Sc. #67b) - Slate.
02 F. (1906 - Sc. #68b) - Olive Yellow.
03 F. (1906 - Sc. #69b) - Orange.
05 F. (1906 - Sc. #70b) - Emerald.
06 F. (1906 - Sc. #71b) - Olive Green.
10 F. (1906 - Sc. #72b) - Carmine.
12 F. (1906 - Sc. #73b) - Violet.
16 F. (1906 - Sc. #74b) - Gray Green.
20 F. (1906 - Sc. #75b) - Dark Brown.
25 F. (1906 - Sc. #76b) - Blue.
30 F. (1906 - Sc. #77b) - Orange Brown.
35 F. (1906 - Sc. #78b) - Red Violet.
50 F. (1906 - Sc. #79b) - Lake, Magenta.
60 F. (1906 - Sc. #80b) - Green.
01 K. (1906 - Sc. #81b) - Brown Red.
02 K. (1906 - Sc. #82b) - Gray Blue.
The catalog attributes for stamps of Hungary that are printed on paper with WMK 137 Vertically, and that are perforated 15 are as follows:
01 F. (1913 - Sc. #84) - Slate.
02 F. (1913 - Sc. #85) - Olive Yellow.
03 F. (1913 - Sc. #86) - Orange.
05 F. (1913 - Sc. #87) - Emerald.
06 F. (1913 - Sc. #88) - Olive Green.
10 F. (1913 - Sc. #89) - Carmine.
12 F. (1913 - Sc. #90) - Violet on Yellow.
16 F. (1913 - Sc. #91) - Gray Green.
20 F. (1913 - Sc. #92) - Dark Brown.
25 F. (1913 - Sc. #93) - Ultramarine.
30 F. (1913 - Sc. #94) - Orange Brown.
35 F. (1913 - Sc. #95) - Red Violet.
50 F. (1913 - Sc. #96) - Lake on Blue.
60 F. (1913 - Sc. #97) - Green.
60 F. (1913 - Sc. #98) - Green on Salmon.
70 F. (1916 - Sc. #99) - Red Brown on Green.
80 F. (1916 - Sc. #100) - Dull Violet.
01 K. (1913 - Sc. #101) - Dull Red.
02 K. (1913 - Sc. #102) - Dull Blue.
05 K. (1913 - Sc. #103) - Violet Brown.
The catalog attributes for stamps of Hungary that are printed on paper with WMK 137 Horizontally, and that are perforated 15 are as follows:
01 F. (1913 - Sc. #84a) - Slate.
02 F. (1913 - Sc. #85a) - Olive Yellow.
05 F. (1913 - Sc. #87a) - Emerald.
06 F. (1913 - Sc. #88a) - Olive Green.
10 F. (1913 - Sc. #89b) - Carmine.
12 F. (1913 - Sc. #90a) - Violet on Yellow.
20 F. (1913 - Sc. #92a) - Dark Brown.
30 F. (1913 - Sc. #94a) - Orange Brown.
35 F. (1913 - Sc. #95a) - Red Violet.
50 F. (1913 - Sc. #96a) - Lake on Blue.
60 F. (1913 - Sc. #97a) - Green.
60 F. (1913 - Sc. #98a) - Green on Salmon.
01 K. (1913 - Sc. #101a) - Dull Red.
02 K. (1913 - Sc. #102a) - Dull Blue.
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Turul Wearing Gold Crown of Saint Stephen near Tatabanya
The Turul is a very large mythological bird, similar in appearance to a hawk. Emese, the wife of Ugyek, a descendant of Attila the Hun, had a dream in which a Turul appeared. The Turul told her she would give birth to a line of great rulers. Her grandchild, Arpad, became a great Magyar leader, and he is considered the founder of Hungary.
The Turul is one of the most important national symbols of Hungary. The Turul is usually depicted carrying the flaming "sword of god".
The statue of the Turul, shown in the image above, is on a mountaintop near Tatabanya, Hungary. With a wingspan of almost 50 feet, it is the largest statue of a bird in the World. There are Turul sculptures all over central and eastern Europe, with 195 of them being in Hungary.